GIS shape file of Nepal with District | Nepal GIS Map | Nepal Shapefile

Nepal GIS map file is available for download. 

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General terms of Geographic Information System(GIS) | Terminology of GIS

Glossary of Terms (Part -I)

1. Spatial Data – data with a geographic location, representation, or reference point that it describes. 

2. Cartography – the science of map making, including data inclusion, layout, elements, colors, and design. As much as it’s a science, it’s an art form.

 

3. Shapefile – an Esri proprietary data format for storing geographic data. Very cross-GIS compatible, but limiting in many aspects. Often misused to mean any geographic dataset as in “could you send me that shapefile?” 

4. Layer – multiple meanings in a GIS context: a. The distinct data elements that compose a map document, ordered one on top of the next for GIS drawing order (top is drawn last and seen first) b. A single data element, saved into a GIS file format along with its associated symbology.

5. Scale – the ratio of the size of elements on screen or in print on the map to their size in the real world 

6. Raster – spatial data that stores location based upon a single origin point and a data stream of known width, height, and resolution. Often used for continuous surfaces. a. DEM – Digital Elevation Model. A specific use case of raster data where the pixel value represents the elevation of areas covered by the pixel. Sometime called a DTM (digital terrain model) or DED (digital elevation dataset). 

7. Vector – spatial data that stores location using Cartesian coordinate locations. a. Point – A single spot in (usually) two dimensional space. Attributes represent only that location (and sometimes are inferred to represent nearby locations). b. Line (Polyline) – Multiple points connected to represent all locations in between along the connection. c. Polygon – Multiple polylines connected to create a boundary. Polygon zones are generalized representations where all locations contained within the boundaries are considered to have the same property.

 

8. Coordinate System/Spatial Reference – defines the origin point, coordinate space, and geoid for a dataset’s spatial data a. Datum – the origin point of the coordinate system and information required to accurately define an origin, like a surface model b. Geographic Coordinate System (GCS) – A coordinate system that specifies latitude and longitude as coordinates c. Projected Coordinate System – similar to and includes a GCS. “Projects”/transforms coordinates into a new coordinates system to display a map in 2D space. Sometimes referred to as “the projection” of a dataset. 

9. Resolution – the density of data of a raster dataset or rasterized map document. Sometimes used to mean the density of data in any dataset. For raster datasets, this value is expressed as the length of the side of a pixel (eg: 10m pixels). For rasterized graphic formats, it is most commonly expressed in pixels per inch of paper (ppi) or dots per inch of paper (dpi) and a good target to reach is 300 dpi for clear prints.

10. Geoprocessing – the practice of using GIS tools to process, transform, filter, and query GIS data