Rajendra Rijal's Blog

Sunday, April 7, 2013

Windows 8

Update: Windows 8 is here and we have answers for you!

Windows 8 is now on all DreamSpark Premium Webstores! That means that you could qualify to get Window for free!

If you haven't already done so, click here to search for your school and see if you qualify to get Windows 8 for free!

To help you out, here are some frequently arises questions that we have been getting before.

1) How do I obtain a DreamSpark Premium account?

Contact your program administrators for your respective school/ departments for details on how to obtain a DreamSpark Premium account. Your school/department must already have a DreamSpark WebStore.

2) I am unable to download Windows 8 as I have downloaded the Preview. How can I get the final version?

If you are unable to download because you previously downloaded Consumer Preview, please log out of your DreamSpark account and log back in. This should solve the issue.

3) What about languages?

Windows 8 comes in multiple languages, but this depends on each store. If you don't see a language, ask your program administrator.

4) Which versions are available on DreamSpark?

Both the 32- and 64-bit version are available.

5.) Is this the real deal?

Yes, it's the final version!

Originally Posted on “Blog On the Hub” by someone!

Low Power Design

Due to power scarcity, necessary to preferred Low Power Design techniques. Energy conservation refers to reducing energy through using less of an energy service. Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use, which refers to using less energy for a constant service. For example, driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of energy efficiency. Energy conservation and efficiency are both energy reduction techniques.

Low Power electronics are electronics that have been designed to use less electric power, e.g. notebook processors.

Some features of low power design are: portability, isolation, battery power, and low heat dissipation. Power is a function of frequency, load capacitance, and voltage: reduction in any of these will reduce the consumption of power by our system.( this really applies only to complementary metal oxide semiconductor [CMOS] components, the most prevalent in law power device, not to certain other logic families such as emitter –coupled logic[ ECL].

P= f C V²

Where P = power

f = frequency

C = load capacitance

V = DC supply voltage

Thanks to integrated circuit technology, electronic devices have greatly decreased in size and mass over the past few decades. Most of us routinely carry or wear electronics every day. The formula above is most convenient for low power design. While VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology, particularly CMOS, has enjoyed the rapid exponential growth characterized by Moore’s Law, energy storage Technology (mainly batteries) has grown much more slowly.

Application Areas for Low-Power Electronics

Portable computing, communication, and multimedia devices

- Laptops

- Palmtops

- Cell phones

- Pagers

- Video Recorders

- Cameras

- Watches (Power < 500nW @ 1.5V)

Remote sensing

- Long-term environmental monitoring in wilderness areas or the ocean

- Mobile robots

- Satellites and space probes

Implantable biomedical devices

- Pacemakers

- Defibrillators

- Muscle stimulators

- Neuro prosthetic devices

Low power systems are usually smaller and cheaper to manufacture (smaller heat sinks, no cooling fans, smaller power supplies, smaller batteries).

Power Sources for Low-Power Devices

Batteries – Most Common Power Source for Portable Electronics. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy by means of a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction.

Example: Alkaline cell operation.

anode reaction (oxidation): Zn + 2OH^{– ______}Zn(OH)₂ + 2e^–

cathode reaction (reduction): 2MnO₂ + H₂O + 2e^{– ________} Mn₂O₃ + 2 OH^–

electrolyte: KOH (K⁺, OH^– in solution)

overall reaction: Zn + 2MnO₂ + H₂O ^_________Zn(OH)² + Mn₂O₃

Electron flow (i.e., current) external to the battery balances internal ionic flow.

Battery Types Grouped by Application

General consumer electronics ( portable audio equipment, toys, etc.)

- Alkaline (Duracell, Energizer, etc.) – Standard AAA, AA, C, D, 9V cells

- Zinc-Carbon (old technology, but cheap) – Standard AAA, AA, C, D, 9V cells

Film cameras and flash units

- Alkaline

- Lithium

Wristwatches

- Silver – “Button” batteries

Hearing aids

- Zinc-Air – “Button” or “coin” batteries

Smoke detectors

- Mercury

- Lithium

CMOS memory backup

- Lithium

Medical implants (pacemakers, etc.)

- Mercury – Used in implants before 1972

- Zinc-Air – Used in many modern implants

- Lithium-SVO (silver vanadium oxide) – Used in implantable defibrillators, where they can supply microamps for years and occasional amp-level pulses.

General guidelines for Low Power Design

- Lower clock frequency

- Lower supply voltage to digital logic

- Shut down unused circuits

- Put controller into sleep mode when not needed

- Terminates all unused inputs. Don’t allow any to float.

- Avoid slow signal transition

- Make normal states use the lowest current etc.

References:

- K. R. Fowler, “Electronic Instrument Design: Architecting for the life cycle” Oxford university Press.

- D. V. Hall “ Microprocessor & interfacing, Programming and Hardware” , Tata McGraw Hill

- Dr. Harrision “Low Power Circuit Design” 2012.

- Many other “Research Articles on Internet”.

suggest & comment us!

Friday, April 5, 2013

MadsArea: आफ्नो आइफोन आफैं अनलक गर्नुहोस

MadsArea: आफ्नो आइफोन आफैं अनलक गर्नुहोस: यो पटक तपांइहरुलाइ आइफोन 3GS लेटेस्ट फ्रमवायर अनलक गर्ने तरिका बताउन पाउदा खुसि लागेको छ। यसका लागी चाहिने सामाग्रीहरु १. लेटे...

Inspirational Speech

Binod Chaudhary’s

Speech at Kathmandu University

Members of the faculty,

Distinguished guests,

Dear Students,

It gives me great pleasure to be standing in front of so many bright and young talents of our country. The Kathmandu University over the years has become synonym to quality education. I would like to acknowledge the contribution of the management of this University for building this institution of higher learning for all who wish to learn, the Methodists of this area deserve the Nation’s gratitude.

There are few earthly things more beautiful than a university,” wrote John Masefield in his tribute to English universities – and his words are equally true today. He did not refer to towers or to campuses but merely admired the splendid beauty of a university, because it was, he said, “a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see.”

All of us here are aware of the setbacks like regular protests, obstruction of the Parliament, the recent walkout of the Maoists from the Government and a new coalition Government being put in place etc and wonder if Nepal is really the right place for the youth to explore for opportunities.

From a recent Nepali Publication I learnt that according to the Institute for International Education in New York, the number of Nepali students studying in the US increased by 27.9 per cent between 2006 and 2007. From 1997-2000, Nepalese spent an estimated Rs 54 billion studying abroad. Between 1990 and 2005, the number of students going abroad doubled, which means Nepali students are spending more than Rs 30 billion annually to study in countries other than India.

We have been through a 12 year conflict ridden environment in the recent past. (Although I must say that the economy, to a large extent, was still on track during this period and we have seen an unprecedented pace of development across the board and the growth rate jumping to 5.6% in 2008).

As a consequence of this conflict there have been some critical departures as well as structural changes, both on the economic front as well as on the social front. Nepal, with the good wishes of the International community and its neighboring countries, has the distinction of managing this conflict into the mainstream politics. In the process the new Republic took birth and I feel that this is what started the process of creating a new era for the country and its development.

But to me the common enemy is very much alive and vibrant – poverty, deprivation, unemployment and proper education and the common agenda is equally clear – prosperous “New Nepal”, which every Party and every person talk about but very little in real terms to support the cause.

I often ask a question to myself, or for that matter many other CA members like myself who came from professional background, as to what am I doing in this critical moment at this critical juncture? I find that our voice gets lost, no matter how loud it is in certain forums, when it comes to pushing a more neutral and rational thought process, as it is all about the number game and who is in the helms of affairs representing the parties. Unfortunately most of such critical issues are debated offline than online.

Such are the critical issues that we are surrounded by. Therefore we are posed with these questions everyday, when will the constitution be written and if at all it will be written? Anyway!

It is the view of some that if is of no use to speak of peace or to be more precise, of a political consensus until the leaders adopt a more enlightened attitude. I hope they do and I believe we can help them do it. But I also believe that we must reexamine our own attitudes, as individuals and as a Nation, for our attitude is as essential as theirs. And every student of this school, every thoughtful citizen who despairs of hostilities and wishes to bring peace, should begin by looking inward, by examining his own attitude towards the possibilities of a newer Nepal. Ever one of us should be open to the idea of a gradual evolution and there is o single, simple key to this peace; no grand or magic formula to be adopted by one or two powers. The process of development must be the product of every strata of the society, the sum of many acts. It must be dynamic, not static, changing to meet the challenge of each new generation.

Dear Students,

As an 18 year old, I too was very keen (like most of you here) on going abroad but right after completing my schooling I stepped into my family business unexpectedly, partly by destiny and partly by choice. It was my determination to learn and my vision to grow that I, with the combined effort of a number of capable individuals, have been able to take a humble organization like Chaudhary Group to where it stand today.

I wish for all of you to realize that today we stand at the beginning of a new tomorrow and the nation awaits young minds like yours to take it to greater heights. Like President Obama said, ‘Every single one of us has something we’re good at. Every single one of us has something to offer. And every single one of us has a responsibility to discover what that is.

By defining our goals more clearly, by making it seem more meaningful, manageable and practical, we can help all people from different walks of life to see it, to draw hope from it, and to move irresistibly towards it.

Address by: Binod K. Chaudhary

KUSOM Annual Festival

27^th November, 2009

Courtesy: Binod Chaudhary's Blog.

Saturday, March 23, 2013

Update Google Chrome to the Latest Version

How to Update Google Chrome to the Latest Version

Google Chrome runs websites and applications with lightning speed. I feel that Google Chrome is the BEST software to use when browsing the internet. Not only is it fast, but in my humble opinion, it is also the most secure.

Having said that about Google Chrome being the most secure, it also needs the appropriate attention in regards to making sure that it has all security updates applied on a regular basis. The world that we live in today requires us to be very diligent in our security practices. So make sure you update Google Chrome. This will help you Keep your computer secure as it will be equipped with the latest tools.

But somehow when we use its features like Google Docs etc it request to “update your chrome version”

I wanted to show you how easy it is to check for security updates in your Google Chrome internet browser.

How to update Google Chrome

1. Open Google Chrome.

2. Now look in the top right hand corner of the screen for the Wrench Icon (marked on image below). The definition of spanner is “A wrench”.

3. Click on the Spanner (Wrench) Icon.

4. Click on About Google Chrome.

5. The About Google Chrome dialog box is shown. It will display the current version of Google Chrome and if your Google Chrome needs updating, it will display the wording “Installing New Version“.

6. Once Google Chrome has completed installing the new updates if any, it will display the About Google Chrome dialog box once again with the wording “Relaunch Google Chrome to finish updating“.

7. Click the Relaunch button.

8. When Google Chrome has finished updating and has been restarted, you can do the above process again and it should show the updated version. It will check again for new updates but should not find any new ones to install.